Views: 88 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2021-08-27 Origin: Site
Artificial weather catalysts are divided into three categories: ice-forming agents, refrigerants and hygroscopic agents.
Ice-forming agents are mainly used for cold cloud catalytic operations from -6℃ to 20℃. Silver iodide (AgI) is the most commonly used and effective ice-forming agent because its crystal structure is similar to that of ice crystals, and it is highly effective in making ice crystals. Silver iodide forms extremely large and fine silver iodide particles in the air through combustion or explosion, and 1 gram of silver iodide can produce more than 1000 ice nuclei.
Refrigerant for 0 ℃ -6 ℃ convective clouds or laminar cloud catalytic operations, mainly dry ice, liquid nitrogen, propane, etc.. Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide, its sublimation temperature is -78.5 ℃, in increasing temperature directly from the solid state sublimation to the gas state, 1 gram of dry ice can produce tens of billions of ice crystals. The boiling point of liquid nitrogen is -195.8℃, the boiling point of propane is -80℃, and its role is similar to dry ice.
Hygroscopic agents are used in warm cloud catalysis operations above 0°C, such as sodium chloride (table salt), calcium chloride, ammonium nitrate, urea, etc. 1 gram of table salt can catalyze tens of millions of raindrop embryos.
In terms of composition, dry ice and liquid nitrogen as refrigerants and table salt and urea as dehumidifiers are originally substances that are widely found in nature and are naturally very safe.
All three catalysts have a common feature: with just 1 gram, they can catalyze 100 to tens of billions of ice nuclei or raindrop embryos or ice crystals, so only a small amount is needed for each operation to complete the task efficiently.
Taking silver iodide, which is a major concern, as an example, long-term monitoring data shows that the amount used in both aircraft rainfall enhancement operations and rocket operations is very small, and the concentration of silver ions accumulated in the water and soil of the operation area is far below the concentration prescribed by the World Health Organization. Therefore, the correct use of human shadow catalysts will not cause environmental pollution.
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