The adsorption effect of montmorillonite includes surface adsorption and ion exchange adsorption, but its adsorption effect on non-ionic organic pollutants depends on the size of organic cations, and also depends on the cation exchange capacity of different montmorillonites, so the effect is relatively unstable.

Zeolite is a water-bearing alkali metal or alkaline earth metal silica-aluminate mineral, which is a tetrahedron composed of three elements: silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), and oxygen (O), among which the silicon and oxygen tetrahedra and the aluminum-oxygen tetrahedra form an infinitely expanding thre

Molecular sieve is a class of adsorbent or film-like substance with uniform micropores, mainly composed of silicon, aluminum, oxygen and some other metal cations, whose pore size is comparable to the general molecular size, according to its effective pore size to sieve various fluid molecules.

Catalysis is a typical example of early empirical reliance on nanotechnology development. Nanoscale catalysts have many superior conditions due to the small size of nanoparticles, the large volume percent occupied by the surface, the different bonding and electronic states on the surface compared to the interior of the particles, and the incomplete number of atomic coordination on the surface.